The logical operation can be applied to propositions but not sentences, whereas the grammatical operation can be applied to sentences but not to propositions.

Propositions, we are told, are the senses or meanings of sentences. They are so-called abstract entities and, as such, are said to occupy no space, re ect no light, have no beginning or end, …

We will use abstract symbols for propositions (p,q,r,...)

1.1. Propositions. on 1.1.1. A proposition is a declarative sentence that true (denoted either T or 1) or false (denoted either F or 0). ositions. The most common variables used are p,

The exclusive or of two propositions p and q is the compound proposition that we write p q, which is true if and only if p is true, or q is true, but not when both p and q are true.

compound propositions is a sentence which contains several simple propositions connected by connectives such as “and”, “or”, “although”, “if and only if”, etc. The simple components of a …

A statement or a proposition is a sentence that is true (T) or false (F) but not both. The symbol : denotes not, ^ denotes and, and _ denotes or. If p is a proposition, the negation of p, :p, has …