Liquid crystals form a unique state of matter that blends the molecular mobility of liquids with the organised structure of crystalline solids. Their phase transitions, ranging from nematic to smectic ...

“Soft matter” is firstly proposed by Pierre-Gilles de Gennes in his Nobel acceptance speech in 1991, which describes materials between aqueous substances and ideal solids. Soft matter materials with a ...

Schematic diagram providing an overview of this review. Liquid crystals can be categorized into nematic, smectic, columnar, and cholesteric liquid crystals. Recently, metasurfaces have been integrated ...