When light passes through materials, it typically changes direction and bends in predictable ways. This change in direction, known as refraction, is caused by a change in the speed of light as it ...

How do nanostructures keep plastics transparent while improving toughness and light control? PMMA, polycarbonate, COC ...

The speed of light varies in materials, impacting fiber optics, laser systems, and semiconductor lithography through complex ...

Most people know that light travels in a straight line unless something acts upon it to change its direction. The three most common methods of changing the direction of light are refraction, ...