Measuring the phase difference between two periodical signals is often required for a science such as meteorology, computing, and communications. An oscilloscope offers a quick and simple way to make ...

All periodic signals can be described in terms of amplitude and phase. We all learned that in basic circuit theory. You surely recall having to calculate signal’s phase change when it passed through a ...

A general-purpose vector signal analyzer offers a low-cost, flexible option for measuring the frequency settling time of PLLs. By Douglas Olney, Keithley Instruments Inc. The frequency-settling time ...

Measuring phase noise with a spectrum analyzer. The primary advantage of dedicated phase-noise analyzers. The cross-correlation method. Using a spectrum analyzer is the oldest, most straightforward, ...

Based on the needs of engineering applications, this monograph presents a variety of direction-finding and ranging methods based on short baseline array and using unambiguous phase difference ...