In a recent study published in the journal PNAS, researchers demonstrated higher comparative efficacy of the intranasal (IN) route of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine administration versus ...

Medicating large production animals, such as sows, individually can be challenging, especially when repeated treatments are needed. Intramuscular (i.m.) injections have been shown to be aversive, and ...

“They often affect both herd profitability and animal welfare.” Injection-site lesions are typically made of scar tissue that forms in the muscle or subcutaneous tissue following an injection. The ...

Injections deliver liquid medications, fluids, or nutrients directly into a person’s body. Different types of injections include intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intraosseous, and intradermal ...