Granular matter is all around us. Examples include sand, rice, nuts, coffee and even snow. These materials are made of solid particles that are large enough not to experience thermal fluctuations.

Suppose a hopper is filled with a granular material such as sand, and you need to compute the force or stress on the hopper walls. If static, this problem is straightforward to solve using FE software ...

Did you eat cereal this morning? Or have you walked on a gravel path? Maybe you had a headache and had to take a pill? If you answered any of these questions with a yes, you interacted with a granular ...

If static, this problem is straightforward to solve using FE software because the nonmoving material can be treated as a solid. But attempting to simulate the unloading of the hopper would complicate ...