This article was published in Scientific American’s former blog network and reflects the views of the author, not necessarily those of Scientific American Under a tangled mess of pipes, tubes, gauges, ...

The nadir of cold called Absolute Zero exists not as a reality of nature but as a textbook definition, as a goal which haunts the minds of low-temperature researchers and which they do not expect to ...

Stephen has degrees in science (Physics major) and arts (English Literature and the History and Philosophy of Science), as well as a Graduate Diploma in Science Communication. Stephen has degrees in ...

The absolute lowest temperature possible is -273.15 degrees Celsius. It is never possible to cool any object exactly to this temperature – one can only approach absolute zero. This is the third law of ...

Researchers from four universities in Germany have conditioned a lab to register the coldest effective temperature in a research-controlled environment ever recorded—38 trillionths of a Kelvin above ...

What if artificial intelligence could learn without any data? No datasets to train on, no human-labeled examples to guide it—just a system that evolves and improves entirely on its own. It sounds like ...

Haley Mast is a freelance writer, fact-checker, and small organic farmer in the Columbia River Gorge. She enjoys gardening, reporting on environmental topics, and spending her time outside ...

Alfredo has a PhD in Astrophysics and a Master's in Quantum Fields and Fundamental Forces from Imperial College London.View full profile Alfredo has a PhD in Astrophysics and a Master's in Quantum ...

Nernst's theorem—a general experimental observation presented in 1905 that entropy exchanges tend to zero when the temperature tends to zero—has been directly linked to the second principle of ...