The Nature Index 2025 Research Leaders — previously known as Annual Tables — reveal the leading institutions and countries/territories in the natural and health sciences, according to their output in ...

Scientists at the Department of Energy's Oak Ridge National Laboratory have reimagined the capabilities of atomic force microscopy, or AFM, transforming it from a tool for imaging nanoscale features ...

Invented 30 years ago, the atomic force microscope has been a major driver of nanotechnology, ranging from atomic-scale imaging to its latest applications in manipulating individual molecules, ...

Force spectroscopy relies on the precise measurement of forces acting on a probe as it interacts with a sample. The key principles of force spectroscopy include: AFM-based force spectroscopy is the ...

AFM differs significantly from traditional microscopy techniques as it does not project light or electrons on the sample's surface to create its image. Instead, AFM utilizes a sharp probe while ...